Determination of effective surface sterilization protocol in in vitro tissue culture for Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) bulbs

Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) is a species of snowdrop belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. In this study, deformation rates bulbs was calculated as % (percent). For sterilization G. were sterilized at different concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 %) sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes. The rinsed with sterile distilled water 3 times 5 minutes then transferred MS medium. Contamination in nutrient medium determined percent (%) after 7 days. Deformation not observed 1 3% solution however 100% contamination detected. most effective surface obtained by soaking 9-11% 10 As concentration application time increased, but rate scaly leaves increased due increase.